The possibility of mutual recognition
What we can learn from the tragedy of Achilles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3384/confero.5499Keywords:
Mutual recognition, Dialogic pedagogy, Gaza, Israel, Palestine, bell hooks, Socrates, Paulo Freire, Lisa DelpitAbstract
I first began seriously thinking about the term “mutual recognition” after reading bell hooks’ Teaching to Transgress when I was a doctoral student in 2007. Since then, it has been central to my pedagogical practice at the City University of New York where I teach beginning and pre-service teachers as well as doctoral candidates. The writings of hooks, alongside those of Paulo Freire and Lisa Delpit, and with a tradition that extends back as far as Socrates, embrace dialogical engagement to guide students to know themselves and each other. With that awareness, as Freire writes, they have the potential to “intervene in their reality” and “emerge from submersion.” Mutual recognition also, vitally, requires teachers, who are in a position of official power in the classroom, and who often come from radically different backgrounds and life experiences than their students, to purge themselves of their beliefs and biases, at least temporarily, so that they can guide their students and themselves in this process of acknowledgment and empathy. This is very difficult to do well. Though much has been written about mutual recognition within educational scholarship, my recent reading of Emily Wilson’s new translation of the Iliad, and the current state of the world which the Iliad well reflects though it was composed over 3000 years ago, impressed upon me the urgency of practicing mutual recognition in the wider world that we share.
References
Ali Kahn, C. (2009, June 3). Ken Tobin on Radical Listening [Personal communication].
Anfara Jr., V. A., Evans, K. R., & Lester, Jessica N. (2013). Restorative justice in education: What we know so far. Middle School Journal, 44(5), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2013.11461873
Annamma, S. A. (2016). Disrupting the carceral state through education journey mapping. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 2–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1214297
Arendt, H. (2004). Philosophy and politics. Social Research, 71(3), 427–455.
Aristotle. (1994, 2000). Nicomachean Ethics (W. D. Ross, Trans.). Internet Classic Archive. http://classics.mit.edu//Aristotle/nicomachaen.mb.txt
Baldwin, J. (1962, Spring). A letter to my nephew. The Progressive Magazine. https://progressive.org/magazine/letter-nephew/
Bierman, K. L., Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., Lochman, J. E., McMahon, R. J., & Pinderhughes, E. (2010). The effects of multiyear universal social-emotional learning program: The role of student and school character-istics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018607
Bourdieu, P. (1993). The field of cultural production (R. Johnson, Ed.). Polity Press.
Bourdieu, P. (2000a). Cultural reproduction and social reproduction. In R. Arum & I. R. Beattie (Eds.), The structure of schooling: Readings in the sociology of education (pp. 56–68). Mayfield Publishing Company.
Bourdieu, P. (2000b). Pascalian meditations (R. Nice, Trans.). Stanford University Press.
Bruner, J. (1996). The culture of education. Harvard University Press.
Cipriano, C., Naples, L. H., Eveleigh, A., Cook, A., Funaro, M., Cassiday, C., & Rappolt-Schlichtmann, G. (2022). A systematic review of student disability and race representation in universal school-based social and emotional learning interventions for elementary school students. Review of Educational Research, 93(1), 73–102.
Coates, T.-N. (2015). Between the world and me. Spiegel & Grau.
Delpit, L. D. (1988). The silenced dialogue: Power and pedagogy in educating other people’s children. Harvard Educational Review, 58(3), 280–298. https://doi.org/0017-8055/88/0800-0280$01.25/0
Dickar, M. (2008). Corridor cultures. New York University Press.
Dumas, M. J. (2014). “Losing an arm”: Schooling as a site of black suffering. Race Ethnicity and Education, 17(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2013.850412
Dumas, M. J., & ross, kihana miraya. (2016). “Be real black for me”;Imagining BlackCriti n education. Urban Education, 5(4), 415–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085916628611
Fellner, G. (2019). The demon of hope: An arts-based infused meditation on race, disability, and the researcher’s complici-ty with injustice. Art| Research International, 4(2), 545–567.
Fellner, G., Comesañas, M., & Ferrell, T. (2024). Unshackling our youth through love and mutual recognition: Notes from an undergraduate class on school discipline inspired by Ta-Nehisi coates and bell hooks. Education Sciences, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14030269
Fellner, G., & Kwah, H. (2018). Transforming the embodied dispositions of pre-service special education teachers. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2017.1422291
Ferguson, A. A. (2001). Bad boys, public schools in the making of black masculinity (1st ed.). The University of Michigan press.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Continuum.
Gregory, A., Skiba, R., & Noguera, P. (2010). The achieve-ment gap and the discipline gap: Two sides of the same coin. Educational Researcher, 39, 59–68.
Hartman, S. V. (1997). Scenes of subjection. Oxford University Press.
Homer. (2017). The Iliad (E. Wilson, Trans.). W. W. Norton & Company.
hooks, bell. (1994). Teaching to transgress. Routledge.
hooks, bell. (2009). All about love. HarperCollins.
Merkwae, A. (2015). Schooling the police: Race, disability, and the conduct of school resource officers. Michigan Journal of Race and Law, 21(1), 147–181.
Mustian, A. L., Cervantes, H., & Lee, R. (2022). Reframing restorative justice in education: Shifting power to heal and transform school communities. The Educational Forum, 86(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2022.1997510
Plato. (1979). Apology of Socrates: An interpretation with a new translation (T. G. West, Trans.). Cornell University Press. https://archive.org/details/platosapologyofs00west/page/n1/mode/2up
Schaeffer, K. (2024). Key facts about public school teachers in the U.S. Pew Resaerch Center.
Sewell Jr., W. H. (2005). Logics of history. The University of Chicago Press.
Sharpe, C. (2016). In the wake: On blackness and being. Duke University Press.
Stone, I. F. (1979, 8). I.F. Stone breaks the Socrates story. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/08/archives/if-stone-breaks-the-socratesstory- an-old-muckraker-sheds-fresh.html
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Gene Fellner

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
As Confero is an open access journal, this means that anyone who can access the Internet can freely download and read the journal. There are no commercial interests for Linköping University Electronic Press or Confero in publishing the journal.
The core idea of open access is that copyright remains with the author(s). However, we publish with the agreement of the author that if she or he decides later to publish the article elsewhere, that the publisher will be notified, prior to any acceptance, that the article has already been published by Confero.
When publishing with Confero, it is with the agreement of the author that if they make their article available elsewhere on the internet (for example, on their own website or an institutional website), that they will do so by making a link to the article as published in Confero using the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number of the article and acknowledge in the text of the site that the article has been previously published in Confero.
As evident by the markers on our homepage, Confero falls under the Creative Commons licence abbreviated BY. This means that we allow others to use, spread and elaborate on the published articles, as long as they acknowledge who published it and where it was originally published.