The problem of scientific education

Authors

  • Rasoul Nejadmehr Västra Götalandsregionen

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3384/confero.2001-4562.170420

Abstract

In this essay, I term the dominant educational paradigm of our time as scientific education and subject it to historical analysis in order to bring its tacit racial, colonial and Eurocentric biases into view. I subsume this cluster of problems under the general heading of “the problem of scientific education”, a problem simultaneously submerged deeply in the invisible background of current education and across its foreground inasmuch as it conditions daily educational practices beyond educators’ awareness. The delicate question to be answered is: enclosed as we are within a scientific framing of our educational system, how can we find an alternative way of looking at this educational system that will help us resolve the problem of colonial, racial and cultural subordinations inherent in its scientific framing?

References

Allen, Amy. The End of Progress; Decolonizing the Normative Foundations of Critical Theory. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. DOI: 10.7312/alle17324

Allen, Amy. The Politics of Our Selves: Power, Autonomy, and Gender in Contemporary Critical Theory. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008.

Arendt, Hanna. The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958.

Aristotle. “Politics.” The Basic Works of Aristotle, Ed. Richard McKeon. New York: The Modern Library, 2001. 1114-1316.

Bakhtin, Mikhail M. The dialogic imagination: Four Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press, Slavic Series, 1981.

Banks, Erik. C. “Kant, Herbart and Riemann”, Kant-Studien 96 (2005): 208–234. DOI: 10.1515/kant.2005.96.2.208

Bernasconi, Robert. “Who Invented the Concept of Race? Kant’s Role in the Enlightenment Construction of Race” Race. Ed. Robert Bernasconi. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.

Bitterli, Urs. Cultures in Conflict; Encounters between European and Non-European Cultures Between 1492-1800. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989.

Braver, Lee. A Thing of This World; a History of Continental Anti- Realism. Evanston: North-western University Press, 2007.

Brownstein, Michael, and Saul, Jennifer. Implicit Bias and Philosophy, Volumes 1 and 2; Metaphysics and Epistemology; Moral Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University press, 2016.

Butler, Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? New York, Verso, 2009.

Chakrabarty, Dipesh. Provincialising Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

Descartes, René. Key Philosophical Writings. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics, 1997.

Dewey, John. The Political Writings. Cambridge: Hackett, 1993.

Dewey, John. “The Significance of the Problem of Knowledge.” Philosophy and Civilization. New York: Capricorn Books, 1963. 271–304.

Dussel, Enrique. “Transmodernity and Interculturality; an Introduction from the Perspective of Philosophy of Liberation.” Transmodernity, 1:3 (2012). 28–59.

Eze, Emmanuel Chukwudi. Race and Enlightenment: A Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.

Fabian, Johannes. Time and the Other; How Anthropology Makes Its Object? New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.

Foucault, Michel. Religion and Culture. Ed. J. R. Carrette. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Foucault, Michel. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978-1979, trans. G. Burchell. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Foucault, Michel. The Essential Foucault: Selections From Essential Works of Foucault, 1954–1984, Ed. Paul Rabinow and Nikolas Rose. New York: New Press, 2003.

Foucault, Michel. Introduction to Kant’s Anthropology, Edited, with an afterword and critical notes, by Roberto Nigro. Translated by Roberto Nigro and Kate Briggs. Los Angeles, Semiotext(e), 1997.

Foucault, Michel. Essential works of Foucault vol. 1, Ethics: subjectivity and truth. Ed. Paul Rabinow. New York: New Press, 1997.

Foucault, Michel. Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings. 1977–1984. Ed. L. Kritzman. London, Routledge, 1988.

Foucault Michel. “What is Enlightenment?” The Foucault Reader. Ed. Paul Rabinow. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984. 32–50.

Foucault, Michel. “Body/Power” and “Truth and Power”. Michel Foucault: Power/Knowledge. Ed. C. Gordon. London, Harvester, 1980.

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: Volume 1: An Introduction, trans. R. Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1978.

Friedman, Michael. Kant’s construction of nature: a reading of the Metaphysical foundations of natural science. Cambridge, University of Cambridge Press, 2013. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139014083

Gray, John. The Black Mass; Apocalyptic Religion and the Death of Utopia. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.

Habermas, Jürgen. Knowledge and Human Interests. USA: Beacon Press, 1972.

Harding, Sandra G. Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialism, Feminism and Epistemologies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.

Harvey, David. Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.

Harvey David. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Heidegger Martin. The Essence of Truth. London, Bloomsbury, 2013.

Heidegger M. “The Question Concerning Technology.” Basic Writings of Martin Heidegger. Intro/trans D. Farrell Krell San Francisco, Harper, 1993. 308–41.

Hilgenheger, Norbert. Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841), in Prospects: the quarterly review of comparative education, Vol. XXIII, no. ¾. Paris, UNESCO: International Bureau of Education, 1993. 649–664.

Horkheimer, Max. Eclipse of Reason. London: Bloomsbury, 2013.

Julien, François. On the Universal: The Uniform, the Common and Dialogue between Cultures. Cambridge, Polity, 2014.

Kant Immanuel. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Emanuel Kant; Anthropology, History, and Education. Eds. G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Kant Immanuel. “Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View.” The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Emanuel Kant; Anthropology, History, and Education. Eds G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 227–429.

Kant, Immanuel. “Lectures on Pedagogy” The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Emanuel Kant; Anthropology, History, and Education. Eds G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 434–427.

Kant, Immanuel. “Observation on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime.” The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Emanuel Kant; Anthropology, History, and Education. Eds G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 18–62.

Kant, Immanuel. “Essay Regarding the Philanthropinum” The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Emanuel Kant; Anthropology, History, and Education. Eds G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 98–104.

Kant, Immanuel. “Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim.” The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Emanuel Kant; Anthropology, History, and Education. Eds G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 107–121.

Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Judgment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge, Hackett, 1996.

Kant, Immanuel. “Critique of Practical Reason.” The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Emanuel Kant: Political Philosophy. Ed. Allen Wood. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996. 133–272.

Kant, Immanuel. Lectures on Logic. Trans. and ed. J. Michael Young. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511810039

Kant, Immanuel. “What is Orientate Oneself in Thinking?” Kant Political Writings. Ed. Hans Reiss. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. 237–249.

Kant, Immanuel. “An answer to the Question of What is Enlightenment?” The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Emanuel Kant: Political Philosophy. Ed. Allen Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 11–22.

Koopman, Colin. Genealogy as Critique; Foucault and the Problem of Modernity. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2013.

Kuehn, Manfred. “Interpreting Kant Correctly: on the Kant of the Neo-Kantians.” Neo-Kantianism in Contemporary Philosophy. Eds. Rudolf A. Makkreel and Sebastian Luft Bloomington: Indiana University press, 2010. pp. 113–131.

Kuhn, Thomas. S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1970.

Longino, Helen. “Values and Objectivity.” Philosophy of Science; the Central Issues. Eds. Martin Curd and J. A. Cover. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1998. 139–169.

Louden, R. B. (2014a) Kants Impure Ethics: From Rational Beings to Human Beings (Oxford, Oxford University Press).

Louden, R. B. (2014b) ”The last frontier: the importance of Kant’s Geography”, in Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2014, volume 32, pp. 450– 465. DOI: 10.1068/d6813

Marcuse, Herbert. Hegel’s Ontology and the Theory of History. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press, 1987.

Munzel, G. F. “Kant, Hegel, and the Rise of Pedagogical Science.” A Companion to the Philosophy of Education. Ed. R. Curren. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2006. pp. 113-129.

Nejadmehr, Rasoul. Education, Science and Truth. New York, Routledge, 2009.

Nietzsche, Friedrich. W. Genealogy of Morals in Basic Writings of Nietzsche, trans. W. Kaufmann. New York: The Modern Library, 1992.

Pippin, Robert. B. Idealism as Modernism; Hegelian Variations. Camridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139172943

Putnam, Hilary. The many Faces of Realism. Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company, 1978.

Quijano, A. (2000) Coloniality of Power, Eurocentrism, and Latin America. In Nepantla: Views from South, Valum 1, Issue 3, 2000. pp. 533–580. DOI: 10.1177/0268580900015002005

Rockhill, Gabriel. Radical History and the Politics of Art. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014. DOI: 10.7312/rock15200

Rorty, Richard. Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, Thirtieth-Anniversary Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.

Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Book, 1993.

Said, Edward. Orientalism. London: Vintage, 1979.

Smith, Justin E. H. Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference: Race in Early Modern Philosophy. Princeton: University Press, 2015. DOI: 10.1515/9781400866311

Schmitter, Amy. M., Tarcov, Nathan. and Donner Wendy. “Enlightenment Liberalism.” A Companion to the Philosophy of Education. Ed. Randall Curren. London: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. pp. 73-93.

Simmons, A. John. Boundaries of Authority. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. Solomon, Robert. C. Continental Philosophy since 1750; the Rise and

Fall of the Self. Oxford: University of Oxford Press, 1988.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. An Aesthetic Education in the Era of Globalization. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press, 2012.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. On Certainty. Ed. G. E. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright. London: Wiley-Blackwell, 1991.

Downloads

Published

2017-08-22

Issue

Section

Articles